Table 2 Surveillance strategies proposed by guidelines or expert statements
From: Current prospects of hereditary adrenal tumors: towards better clinical management
Hereditary tumor | Surveillance method of adrenal tumor | Guidelines/ statements | References |
|---|---|---|---|
LFS | For children: abdominal and pelvic ultrasound, and alternative blood test (total testosterone, dehydroepiandrosterone, and androstenedione) (every 3–4 months) | Japanese LFS medical guidelines; Toronto protocol | |
LS | NA | NA | Â |
FAP | NA | NA | Â |
MEN2 | Annual measurement of plasma free or 24-hour urine fractionated metanephrine/normetanephrine | NCCN guidelines | [4] |
VHL | Plasma-metanephrine/normetanephrine (every year from age 5); abdominal MRI (every 2-years from age 15, no upper limit of age) | VHL Alliance; Danish guidelines | |
NF1 | Biochemical testing in individual who has raised blood pressure | ERN GENTURIS guidelines | [19] |
Hereditary PPGL syndrome | Blood pressure monitoring at all medical visits, annual measurement of plasma free metanephrine or 24-hour urine for fractionated metanephrine, and whole body MRI every 2-3 years (from age 6–10 for patients with SDHB mutations and age 10–15 for patients with all other SDHx mutations) | NCCN guidelines | [4] |