Cancer Type | Energy Balance-Related Factors | Major Findings |
---|---|---|
Ovarian Cancer | Dietary Habits | • 1 study; No association between regular coffee consumption and ovarian cancer risk in BRCA1(Gronwald, 2006) |
Weight Status/Weight Change | • 2 studies (McGee, 2012; Qian, 2019) • No association between weight change in adulthood and ovarian cancer risk in BRCA1 & BRCA2(McGee, 2012) • Significant association between higher BMI and premenopausal ovarian cancer risk BRCA1 & BRCA2(Qian, 2019) | |
Breast Cancer | Dietary Habits | • 12 studiesa • Decreased Breast Cancer Risk: o Significantly associated with higher intakes of caffeinated coffee in BRCA1/2 & BRCA2b,c (Nkondjock, Ghadirian, 2006) o Significantly associated with higher intake of soybean foods in BRCA1/2 & BRCA2b,c (Ko, 2013) o Significantly associated with higher diet quality in BRCA1/2b (Nkondjock A et al, 2007) o Significantly associated with folic acid and B12 supplementation at specific doses in BRCA1/2d (Kim, 2019) o Significantly associated with any folic acid containing supplement in BRCA1e (Kim, 2019) • Increased Breast Cancer Risk: o Significantly associated with higher intake of meat in BRCA1/2 & BRCA2b,c (Ko, 2013) o Significantly associated with higher daily energy intake (> 2339 kcal/d) in BRCA1/2(Nkondjock, Robidoux, 2006) • Evidence related to total coffee consumption (caffeinated and decaffeinated) is mixedf • Evidence related to alcohol intake is mixedg • No association between macro/micro-nutrient intake and breast cancer risk in BRCA1/2b(Nkondjock, Robidoux, 2006) |
Weight Status/Weight Change | • 7 studiesh • Decreased Breast Cancer Risk: o Significantly associated with ≥10-lb weight loss between 18 & 30 years in BRCA1/2b (Kotsopoulos, 2005) o Significantly associated with higher BMI in young adulthood in BRCA1/2, BRCA1, BRCA2b,c,e, i, (Qian, 2019) • Increased Breast Cancer Risk: o Significantly associated with adulthood body weight ≥ 72 kg & postmenopausal breast cancer risk in BRCA1/2b (Manders, 2011) • Evidence related to adulthood weight gain and breast cancer risk is mixedj • Evidence related to overweight/obesity status in adulthood and breast cancer risk is mixedk • No effect observed for BMI at 18 and BMI one year before diagnosis and breast cancer riskb (Moorman, 2010) • For Ashkenazi Jewish women, normal weight status at menarche and age 21 associated with delayed onset of breast cancer(King, 2003) | |
Physical Activity | • 4 studies • Decreased Breast Cancer Risk: o Significantly associated with activity during adolescence, high levels of activity before age 30, and lower levels of activity after age 30 in BRCA1/2b(Lammert, 2018; Pijpe, 2010) • No association for activity two years before diagnosis and breast cancer risk in BRCA1/2b(Nkondjock,Robidoux, 2006) • For Ashkenazi Jewish women, engagement in physical activity as teenager associated with delayed onset breast cancer(King, 2003) |